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Neotibicen tibicen
''Neotibicen tibicen'' also called the swamp cicada or morning cicada, is a medium-sized, dark-bodied annual cicada widespread across much of the eastern and central United States. This species sings particularly in the morning, hence its common name morning cicada. It used to be widely known as ''Tibicen chloromerus'', but in 2005 the name was changed to ''Tibicen tibicen'' because the species was determined to have been described first under this specific epithet. Likewise, the name of this cicada was changed again in July 2015 due to taxonomic reconfiguration and evaluation of genetics and physiology of the genus ''Tibicen''. The genus ''Tibicen'' is now restricted to only a few European cicada species. This is the most frequently encountered ''Neotibicen'' species because males prefer to sing from low branches of trees. There are two poorly defined subspecies, ''N. tibicen tibicen'' and ''N. tibicen australis''. The latter is restricted to peninsular Florida and southern Georgia, while the former is found throughout the eastern and southern United States. ''N. tibicen'' is readily confused with ''Neotibicen lyricen'', which is similar in body coloration. ''N. tibicen'' is of no economic importance.
==Description==
''N. tibicen'' is mostly dark-bodied, with some individuals darker than others, reaching almost black, while some individuals are very clearly patterned and brown. This species has many described races and is subject to individual and regional variability. The venter is heavily pruinose, and it lacks the dark medial stripe present in most ''Neotibicen''. The average body length is 33-37 mm. ''N. tibicen'' has clear wings with a slightly brownish tint in some populations. It usually has a black pronotal collar, although some populations may have one that is brownish green or entirely green. Pronotal shoulder patches are large and solid green; the mesonotum is mostly black, although some populations may have a patterned mesonotum with green or reddish brown. The nominate race has two distinctive yellow lines adjacent to each other that almost meet at the ends. ''N. tibicen'' has a dorsolateral white pruinose spot where the abdomen meets the thorax. The opercula of the males are unusually long in this species, a characteristic that is very distinctive. ''N. tibicen australis'' is usually brightly colored and patterned; individuals are even sometimes mistaken for ''N. pruinosus'' because of their coloration and patterning, and barely resemble the nominate race of ''N. tibicen''.
The eggs of this cicada are creamy white, small and oblong, usually measuring about 3 mm in length. The nymphs are creamy white and soft-bodied in the early instars, later hardening and darkening in color in the later instars. They vary in size from 5 to 20 mm; with each molt they will grow larger in size.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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